AVR. Peripheral systems - Tomasz Francuz

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Table of contents

Introduction (9)

• Equipment (10)
• Examples (11)
• Abbreviations of units (12)

Chapter 20: Slowing down, that is when delays are necessary (13)

• Delays and XMEGA (18)
• Use of timers to implement delays (20)

Chapter 21 Combination of code C and assembler (23)

• ABI (25)
• Key word asm (27)
  
  • Types of operands (29)
  • Access to ports IO (30)
  • Access to multi-byte data (31)
  • Access to indicators (32)
  • List of modified registers (32)
  • Repeated use of an assembly insert (33)
• .S files (34)
• Use of assembler registers (34)
• Assembler Directives (40)
• Calling the C language function from an assembler (41)

Chapter 22 Alphanumeric LCD Displays (43)

• Alphanumeric display support (45)
  
  • Library functions (50)
  • Defining your own characters (56)
• Transactional LCD handling (58)
• Optimisation (68)

Chapter 23 SPI and USART SPI interface (71)

• SPI operating modes (74)
• SPI interface configuration (75)
• USART configuration in SPI mode (76)
• DataFLASH memories (77)
  
  • Organisation of memory (77)
  • SPI memory interface (79)
  • Access to memory (81)
  • Instructions (81)
  • Memory identification register (87)
  • Memory reading commands (88)
  • Buffer read and write commands (89)
  • Transfer commands between memory and buffer (91)
  • Special registers (94)
• Transactional access to SPI (95)
  
  • We're linking DMA with SPI (96)
  • Call-backs (callbacks) (98)
  • Transactions (103)
• Power supply (109)

Chapter 24 We build a file system (111)

• The simplest file system (111)
  
  • Memory initialization (119)
• FAT/FAT32 file system (128)
• FAT operation (131)
• Prototypes from diskio.h (136)
• Demonstration (139)
• PetitFS Library (144)
• PetitFS configuration (149)

Chapter 25: Even more memory, i.e. SD, SDHC and company cards (151)

• A little bit about the card structure (152)
• Card Modes (153)
• Card loading (154)
• Communication (156)
  
  • SPI operating mode (157)
  • Format of the Protocol (157)
  • Differences between cards (160)
  • Card initialization (161)
• Special registers of cards (169)
  
  • CID (169)
  • CSD (172)
• Sector write and read operations (173)
  
  • Reading operations (173)
  • Recording operations (176)
• Checksum (178)
  
  • Programme (178)
• Potential problems (179)
• FATFS on the card (180)

Chapter 26 Debugger (183)

• Debugger configuration (185)
• Project configuration for debugging (186)
• Hardware debugger (187)
• Software debugger (simulator) (190)
  
  • Stimulation file (191)
• Traps (197)
  
  • Tracking points (203)
  • Conditional traps (205)
• Memory preview (207)
• Call stack preview (209)
• Determination of simulation time (209)
• Disassembler window (210)
• Variable preview window (211)
  
  • Formatting chains (212)
• ASSERT macrodefinition (214)
• Breaks during debugging (218)
• _delay_xx and simulator (219)

Chapter 27 Analogue-to-digital converter (221)

• Pipeline vs. cyclic transmitter (222)
• Reference voltage (223)
• Pin configuration IO (225)
• Input multiplexer (226)
• Signal amplification system (227)
• What's LSB? (228)
• ADC calibration (229)
• Measurement (231)
  
  • Transducer resolution (231)
  • Transmitter modes (231)
  • Measurement result (236)
  • Offset calibration (237)
  • Measurement of supply voltage and microcontroller temperature (239)
• Reduction of energy consumption (242)
• ADC Prescaler (243)
• Triggering conversion using an event system (245)
  
  • EVCTRL register in XMEGA with ADC without stream (248)
• Comparison register (249)
  
  • Thermometer LM35 (250)
  • We are building a thermometer with an alarm (251)
• Continuous conversion mode (252)
• Input sweep (253)
• Interruptions (254)
• Use of DMA for the transfer of results (254)
• Oversampling (258)
  
  • Averaging (259)
  • Decymation and interpolation (259)
  • Interpolation and decimation in XMEGA (260)
• How to increase the precision of measurements? (260)
• We're building a datalogger (261)
• Thermistors as temperature meters (262)
• Datalogger program (265)

Chapter 28 Analogue Comparator (279)

• Comparator - some theory (279)
  
  • Propagation time (281)
  • Hysteresis (281)
• XMEGA analog comparators (282)
  
  • Input multiplexers (283)
  • Window compactor (284)
  • Interruptions (286)
  • Starting the comparator (287)
  • Comparator status record (287)
• Comparator as oscillator (287)
• Thermostat using comparators (290)
• Termistors (290)

Chapter 29 DAC (293)

• Output buffering (294)
• Reference voltage (295)
• Clocking (296)
• Events (297)
• Use of DMA (298)
  
  • 8-bit sampling (300)
  • Two-channel mode (301)
  • Generating two runs simultaneously (301)
  • Economical version (304)
  • Other conversion triggers (305)
• Energy-saving mode (306)
• DAC calibration (306)

Chapter 30 Monochrome graphic displays (309)

• LCD connection to microcontroller (311)
• Design and functions of the controller ST7565R (313)
• Controller special functions (319)
  
  • Image inversion and testing (319)
  • Rotating the image (319)
  • Contrast adjustment (321)
  • Number of the first line displayed (321)
• Fonts (322)
• Small optimization (330)
• Double caching (332)
  
  • Start address of image display (333)
• Menu (335)
• Menu based on pictograms (342)

Chapter 31 Data files - how to add them to the project? (349)

• Binary file compilation (350)
• Combining object files with the project (352)
• Access to binary data (356)
• The classic way to access data (358)
• Access to data using address spaces (359)

Chapter 32 External memory bus (361)

• Memory connection (362)
  
  • IO port configuration (362)
  • Assignment of EIB interface signals to IO ports (363)
  • 4-port configuration (364)
  • SRAM (366)
  • SRAM in LPC mode (371)
  • SDRAM memory (372)
• CS signal configuration (377)
  
  • Determination of base address and memory size (377)
  • SRAM mode selection signal control (379)
  • SDRAM mode selection signal control (379)
• Example of SDRAM configuration (381)
• Clock configuration (383)
• Access to memory from language level C (384)
• Access to memory below 64 kB (384)
• Access to memory above 64 kB (386)

Chapter 33 Video generation (391)

• VGA video generation (393)
  
  • VGA plug and signal conversion (396)
  • Monochrome text mode VGA (397)
  • Monochrome VGA graphics mode (407)
• Generation of composite signal (409)
  
  • PAL standard (410)
  • Monochrome text mode (413)
  • Monochrome graphic mode (416)
  • Creating overlays (OSD) (417)
• Time to color (424)
• Colour coding (425)
• Digital to analogue converter (426)
• Composite image generator (426)
• Use of EuroSCART (428)
• Color picture on TV (430)

Chapter 34 Let the music play (439)

• Sound file formats (440)
  
  • Sampling rate (441)
  • File format (442)
• Sound treatment (443)
  
  • Audacity Programme (443)
  • SoX Programme (445)
• Amplifier (446)
• We play music using DAC (447)
  
  • Another way to double buffer (457)
• PWM sound generation (461)
  
  • PWM - some theory (461)
  • PWM signal filtering (468)
  • Play audio with 8-bit PWM (472)
  • HiRes and PWM extension with higher resolution (477)
• Audio compression (480)
• Non-linear sampling (480)
• ADPCM compression (482)
• IMA ADPCM compression (482)
• Speech recording with ADPCM compression (486)
• Dialogic ADPCM algorithm (492)

Chapter 35. How about mp3? (495)

• Coprocessor mp3 (496)
  
  • Connections to XMEGA (496)
• Access to system registers (499)
• Wav file format (500)
• GPIOR registers (502)
• System tests (502)
• Basic communication with the coprocessor (504)
• System records VS1003B (508)
  
  • Operating mode register (508)
  • System status register (510)
  • Bass control register (510)
  • Register SCI_CLOCKF (511)
  • Time register of the work (512)
  • Audio format register (512)
  • RAM access logs (513)
  • Plug-in address register (513)
  • Volume control register (513)
• Playing music (513)
  
  • We play music using DMA (518)
• Digital tape recorder (528)
  
  • VS100XX as tape recorder (529)
• Own plugs (535)
  
  • DTMF as an example of its own plug (535)
• We build our own plug (541)
• Creating an array with the resulting code (543)
• Plug design (544)
• Own application, i.e. DTMF decoder (548)

Chapter 36 Fusebits and lockbits (557)

• Fusebits (558)
  
  • Fusebit JTAGEN (558)
  • Fusebit RSTDISBL (559)
  • Fusebit BOOTRST (559)
  • Fusebits SUT (559)
  • Fusebit TOSCSEL (559)
  • Power failure detection system (559)
  • Watchdog (560)
  • Fusebit EESAVE (561)
• Lockbits (561)
• Processor manufacturing reference number (563)
  
  • Series number (563)
  • Wafer number (563)
  • Position on wafer (564)
  • Other configuration bytes (564)
• User reference number (565)
• Access to data from the user application (568)
  
  • Calibration bytes (569)
• Fuse- and lockbit configuration in AVR-libc (570)
• Lockbits in AVR-libc (570)
• Fusebits in AVR-libc (571)

Appendix A. List of chapters of the book "AVR. Practical projects'. (573)

Scorch (575)