AVR. Layouts peripherals - Thomas French

The contents

Introduction (9)

• Equipment (10)
• Examples (11)
• Abbreviations of units (12)

Chapter 20. We are slowing down - when delays are necessary? (13)

• Delays and XMEGA (18)
• Use timers to implement delays (20)

Chapter 21. Linking the code C and assembler (23)

• ABI (25)
• The key asm word (27)
  
  • The types of the operands (29)
  • Access to IO ports (30)
  • Access to multibyte data (31)
  • Access to indicators (32)
  • The list of changed registers (32)
  • Multiple usage of the assemblers insert (33)
• Files .S (34)
• The use of registers in assembler(34)
• Assembler's directives (40)
• Triggering the function of the C language from an assembler (41)

Chapter 22.LCD alphanumeric displays (43)

• Support of alphanumeric displays (45)
  
  • Library functions (50)
  • Define your own characters (56)
• Trading support of LCD (58)
• Optimization (68)

Chapter 23. SPI USART and SPI interface (71)

• Modes of operation of the SPI (74)
• Configuration of the SPI interface (75)
• Configuration of the USART in SPI mode (76)
• Memory DataFLASH (77)
  
  • Memory organization (77)
  • SPI interface of the memory (79)
  • Access to the memory (81)
  • Commands (81)
  • The registry of the identification of the memory (87)
  • Command of the memory read (88)
  • Commandsof the read and record of the buffer (89)
  • Command of the transfer between the memory and buffer (91)
  • Special registers (94)
• Trading access to SPI (95)
  
  • We combine DMA with SPI (96)
  • Callbacks (98)
  • Transactions (103)
• Power (109)

Chapter 24. Create a file system (111)

• The easiest file system (111)
  
  • Initialization of the memory (119)
• The file system of FAT/FAT32 (128)
• Support for FAT (131)
• Prototypes with diskio.h (136)
• Demonstration (139)
• Library PetitFS (144)
• Setting the PetitFS (149)

Chapter 25. More memory, that is SD, SDHC cards and company (151)

• A little bit about the construction of the card (152)
• Modes of the cards' work (153)
• Power supply of the card (154)
• Communication (156)
  
  • SPI work mode (157)
  • Protocol format (157)
  • The differences between cards (160)
  • Card initialization (161)
• Special registers of card (169)
  
  • CID (169)
  • CSD (172)
• Operation of the record and read of the sectors (173)
  
  • Read operations (173)
  • Record operation (176)
• Checksum (178)
  
  • The program (178)
• Potential problems (179)
• FATFS on the card (180)

Chapter 26. The debugger (183)

• Setting the debugger (185)
• Configuring the project for debugging (186)
• The hardwaredebugger (187)
• A software debugger (simulator) (190)
  
  • File of stimulation (191)
• Traps (197)
  
  • Tracking points (203)
  • Conditional Traps(205)
• Viewing the memory (207)
• Viewing the trigger stack (209)
• Defining the time of the simulation (209)
• Window of disassembler (210)
• The viewing window of variables (211)
  
  • The formatting chains(212)
• Macrodefinition of ASSERT (214)
• Interrupts in debug mode (218)
• _delay_xx and simulator (219)

Chapter 27. Analog-to-digital converter (221)

• Stream vs cyclic converter(222)
• Reference voltage (223)
• Setting the IOpin(225)
• The input multiplexer (226)
• System of amplification of the signal (227)
• What is LSB? (228)
• Calibration of the ADC (229)
• Measurement (231)
  
  • The resolution of the converter (231)
  • The operation modes of the converter (231)
  • The measurement result (236)
  • Offset calibration (237)
  • Measurement of power and temperature of microcontroller (239)
• The reduction of energy consumption (242)
• Prescaler ADC (243)
• triggering the conversion using the event system (245)
  
  • The EVCTRL register in the XMEGA from ADC with no flow (248)
• The registry of comparison (249)
  
  • Thermometer LM35 (250)
  • Build a thermometer with an alarm (251)
• Mode of continuous conversion (252)
• Switching the inputs (253)
• Interrupts (254)
• The use of DMA for results' transfer (254)
• Oversampling (258)
  
  • Averaging (259)
  • Decimation and interpolation (259)
  • Interpolation and decimation in XMEGA (260)
• How to increase the accuracy of the measurement? (260)
• We are building a datalogger (261)
• Thermistors as temperature gauges (262)
• The program dataloggera (265)

Chapter 28. Analog comparator (279)

• Comparator - a bit of theory (279)
  
  • The propagation time (281)
  • Hysteresis (281)
• The XMEGA analog comparator (282)
  
  • Multiplexers of input (283)
  • Window comparator (284)
  • Interrupts (286)
  • The launch of the comparator (287)
  • The registry of the state of the comparator (287)
• Comparator as an oscillator (287)
• Thermostat with comparators (290)
• Thermistors (290)

Chapter 29. DAC (293)

• Outputs' buffering (294)
• Reference voltage (295)
• Clock frequency (296)
• Events (297)
• The use of DMA (298)
  
  • 8-bit sampling(300)
  • Dual-channel mode (301)
  • Creating simultaneously two processes (301)
  • Conservative version (304)
  • Other ways to start the conversion (305)
• The power saving mode (306)
• Calibration DAC (306)

Chapter 30. Monochrome graphic displays (309)

• Connecting the LCD to the microcontroller (311)
• The structure and functions of the controller ST7565R (313)
• Special functions of the controller (319)
  
  • Inversion and testing the image (319)
  • Image rotation (319)
  • Contrast adjustment (321)
  • The number of the first displayed line (321)
• Fonts (322)
• Little optimization (330)
• Double buffering (332)
  
  • The address of the start of the image display (333)
• Menu (335)
• Menu based on the pictograms (342)

Chapter 31. Data files - how to add them to the project? (349)

• Compilation of the the binary files (350)
• Linking the object files with the project (352)
• Access to the binary data (356)
• The classic way to access the data (358)
• Data access with the address space usage (359)

Chapter 32. Bus of external memory (361)

• Connection memory (362)
  
  • Configuration of the IO ports (362)
  • The matching of the EIBinterface signals to the IO port(363)
  • 4-port configuration (364)
  • SRAM (366)
  • The SRAM in the LPC mode (371)
  • Memory of SDRAM (372)
• Setting signal CS (377)
  
  • Determination of the base address and memory size (377)
  • The choosing signal control system in the SRAM mode(379)
  • The choosing signal control system in the SDRAM mode (379)
• A sample configuration of SDRAM (381)
• Setting of clock (383)
• Access to the memory using C language (384)
• Access to memory below 64 KB (384)
• Access to memory beyond 64 KB (386)

Chapter 33. Video creation (391)

• Creating video in standard VGA (393)
  
  • The VGA connector and signal conversion (396)
  • Black-and-white text mode VGA (397)
  • Black-and-white graphics mode VGA (407)
• Generating a composite signal (409)
  
  • Standard PAL (410)
  • Black-and-white text mode (413)
  • Black-and-white graphics mode (416)
  • Creating the overlays (OSD) (417)
• Time for color (424)
• Encoding the color (425)
• Digital-to-analog converter (426)
• Generator of the image composite (426)
• Using the EuroSCART (428)
• A coloured image for TV (430)

Chapter 34. Let the music play(439)

• Formats of sound files(440)
  
  • Sampling rate (441)
  • File format (442)
• Sound processing (443)
  
  • Program Audacity (443)
  • Program SoX (445)
• Amplifier (446)
• Listen to music by using the DAC (447)
  
  • Another way for double buffering (457)
• Generating the sound using PWM (461)
  
  • PWM - a bit of theory (461)
  • Filtering of the PWM signal (468)
  • Play the sound using the 8-bit PWM (472)
  • Extension HiRes and PWM with higher resolution (477)
• The audio compression (480)
• The nonlinearsampling (480)
• Compression ADPCM (482)
• Compression IMA ADPCM (482)
• The voice recording using ADPCM compression (486)
• Algorithm ADPCM from Dialogic (492)

Chapter 35. Maybe mp3? (495)

• Coprocessor mp3 (496)
  
  • Ways to connect to XMEGA (496)
• Access to the registers of the chip (499)
• The format of the wav file (500)
• GPIOR registers (502)
• Testing the system (502)
• Basic connection with coprocessor (504)
• The registries of the system VS1003B (508)
  
  • Registry of the work mode (508)
  • The system state registry (510)
  • Registry of the control of the bases (510)
  • Registry of the SCI_CLOCKF (511)
  • The registry of the time of song (512)
  • Registry of the audio format (512)
  • Access to RAM registries (513)
  • The registry of the address of plug-in (513)
  • Registry of volume control (513)
• Playing the music (513)
  
  • Playing the music using DMA (518)
• The digital tape player (528)
  
  • VS100XX in the role of tape player(529)
• Your own plug-ins (535)
  
  • DTMF as an example of your own plug-in (535)
• We build our own plug-in (541)
• Creating an array with the result code (543)
• Plug design (544)
• Our own application - a DTMF decoder (548)

Chapter 36. Fusebits and lockbits (557)

• Fusebits (558)
  
  • JTAGEN Fusebit (558)
  • RSTDISBL Fusebit (559)
  • BOOTRST Fusebit (559)
  • SUT Fusebity (559)
  • TOSCSEL Fusebit (559)
  • The system of detection power supply's failure (559)
  • Watchdog (560)
  • EESAVE Fusebit (561)
• Lockbits (561)
• The production signature of the processor (563)
  
  • Series number (563)
  • Number of wafer (563)
  • The situation on the wafer (564)
  • The remaining configuration bytes (564)
• User's signature (565)
• Data access from the user's level of application (568)
  
  • Calibration bytes(569)
• Configuration of fuse- and lockbits in AVR-libc (570)
• Lockbits in AVR-libc (570)
• Fusebits in AVR-libc (571)

Appendix a: List of chapters of the book "AVR. Practical projects" (573)

Index (575)