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Minicomputers
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Raspberry Pi
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Raspberry Pi 4
- Raspberry Pi 4B modules and kits
- Raspberry Pi 4B casings
- Raspberry Pi 4B power supply
- Raspberry Pi 4B memory cards
- Raspberry Pi 4B audio & video cables
- Raspberry Pi 4B displays
- Raspberry Pi 4B GPIO extensions and HAT
- Raspberry Pi 4B cameras
- Raspberry Pi 4B mounting elements
- Raspberry Pi 4B USB accessories
- Raspberry Pi 400
- Raspberry Pi Zero
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Raspberry Pi 3
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Raspberry Pi 3B+
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ modules and kits
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ casings
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ power supply
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ memory cards
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ video & audio cables
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ displays
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ cameras
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ GPIO extensions and HAT
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ mounting elements
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ accessories
- Raspberry Pi 3B
- Raspberry Pi 3A+
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Raspberry Pi 3B+
- Raspberry Pi CM
- Raspberry Pi accessories
- Gaming Pi - consoles
- Raspberry Pi 2B+
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Raspberry Pi 4
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Raspberry PiIn this category you will find both the latest Raspberry Pi 4B minicomputers, as well as all the necessary additions with compatible accessories.
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Arduino
- Arduino - main modules
- Arduino starter kits
- Arduino Shield - extension
- Arduino books
- Arduino sensors
- Arduino casings
- Arduino power supply
- Arduino - prototyping accessories
- ArduCam - cameras for Arduino
- Arduino displays
- Arduino - communication modules
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BestsellerArduino is an Italian programming platform with I/O support and standard programming language. Systems are based on microcontrollers.
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bbcThe BBC's Micro:bit education platform is a particularly popular in UK. Offers minicomputers, modules and accessories for learning and teaching programming.
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odroidSeries of South Korean single board computers and tablets. Many of them can be operated not only with Android, but also with Linux distributions.
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m5stackM5Stack sandwich modules received recognition among Japanese customers. They offer freedom of choice in terms of combining them into systems with selected functions.
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STM32 modules
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stm32Similar to Arduino, but... different. Often used at higher education institutions, STM32 are microcontrollers with high computing performance.
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Arduino
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avrAVR microcontrollers are a combination of microprocessors with components into integrated circuits. AVR family includes expansion modules, programmers and books on programming.
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Friendly ARM
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nanopiMicrocomputers equipped with numerous communication interfaces and peripheral modules. One of the most diverse families of single-board computers.
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infoThanks to the appearance of many single board platforms dedicated to amateurs and hobbyists, minicomputers have become popular among enthusiasts of robotics and electronics. Check out other models available in Botland.
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Electronics
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Consumer electronics
- Animal repellers
- Automobile accessories
- Cameras and recorders
- Computer accessories
- LED lighting
- Memory cards & disks
- Smartwatches
- Sound and acoustics
- Tablets and smartphones
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Elektronika użytkowaThe whole range of devices and components related to electronics including accessories and elements of electronic circuits.
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Semiconductors
- AVR Microcontrollers
- Buzzers - sound generators
- Integrated circuits
- Microphones and sound detection
- MP3 / WAV / OGG
- Programators
- Transistors
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Mechanical parts
- Cases, casings
- Clamps
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Connectors
- 230 V network sockets
- Amphenol FCI connectors
- ARK connectors
- Banana connectors
- BLS connectors
- BNC connectors
- Connectors - 4-pin
- Connectors - FSF / FPC ZIF
- Connectors - goldpin
- Connectors - raster 2.5 mm
- Connectors - raster 2.54 mm
- Crocodile cables
- D-SUB connectors
- DC plugs and sockets
- Electric cubes
- IDC connectors
- Jumpers
- Mounting connectors
- Pogo Pin
- Quick couplings
- RJ network connectors
- Slip connectors
- SMA connectors
- USB connectors
- Wire tips
- Installation boxes
- Organizers for wires
- Prototype boards
- Self-adhesive feet
- Shrink tubes
- Standoffs
- Switches and buttons
- Wires
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Sensors
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Grove
- Grove - starter kits
- Grove - base hats
- Grove - accelerometers and gyroscopes
- Grove - gas & dust sensors
- Grove - distance sensors
- Grove - temperature sensors
- Grove - light and colour sensors
- Grove - converters
- Grove - communication modules
- Grove - relays
- Grove - buttons, keys and joysticks
- Grove - motor drivers
- Grove - displays
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tekstGrove series modules from Seeed Studio - more than 150 different modules with a simple interface, including adapters to ensure compatibility with Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
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Robots and mechanics
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robotyReady-to-use robots and all accessories, components and sub-assemblies necessary to create your own robot or robotic arm.
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Tools and Power
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akumulatoryEveryting for robotic, electronic and mechanic workshop, home DIY enthusiasts and all those who need power supplies.
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Education
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tekstFORBOT online and paper courses are great introduction to the vast world of electronics. Discover their possibilities and educational value.
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3D print
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druk 3d3D printing, in which objects are created layer by layer. Allows to create objects at home, but also has industrial and medical applications.
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FilamentFilament for a 3D printer is the basic purchase right after purchasing the printer itself.
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Accessories for 3D printersLike any machine, a 3D printer sometimes requires the replacement of the most heavily used elements, including nozzles or heaters.
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3D printing pensThe 3D pens let your imagination run wild while sketching in three dimensions.
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Laser cutting machineDevices that allow you to cut or engrave various types of materials, incl. in wood, leather, plastic, aluminum.
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3D scanners3D scanners are devices that can analyze the shape of an object. Data from scanners can be used in spatial modeling.
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Laser headsThanks to laser heads, you can engrave even the most complex patterns on various types of surfaces, e.g. leather, wood, textiles.
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CNC milling machinesToday, numerically controlled milling machines are the backbone of the manufacturing industry.
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2D printers and pens2D printers and pens will find their application in many areas, including in marking packaging, construction elements and pharmaceutical products.
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Smart Home
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BleboxIn the category "BleBox - Home Automation" you'll find a wide range of home automation devices from the renowned manufacturer BleBox.
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button
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BroadlinkIn the category "Broadlink - Home Automation" you will find ready-to-use devices to turn any ordinary home into an intelligent building.
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button
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EuratechIn the "Eura Tech - home automation" category you will find a large selection of devices intended for use in the home automation system.
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button
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FibaroFibaro - home automation. In this category you can find elements of Fibaro home automation system.
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button
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ShellyAlthough it is possible to develop your own network of devices and sensors, it is much faster to use ready-made drivers - e.g. Shelly modules available in our store.
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SonOffThis category includes Sonoff products - intelligent WiFi controllers.
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button
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Android Box - Smart TVAndroid Box is a solution that allows you to use multimedia functions on your TV even in the absence of adequate equipment.
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button
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AssistantsVoice assistants provide speech connection to the entire home automation system.
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button
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Other automation systems
- iNode - sensors and modules Bluetooth Android
- Inveo controllers
- BBMagic Bluetooth automation
- Tinycontrol controllers
- Neo home automation
- Zamel Supla home automation
- Z-wave executive modules
- Exta Life - sensors and modules
- Exta Free - sensors and modules
- USB Numato Lab GPIO drivers
- AST lighting drivers
- Coolseer home automation
- Tuya home automation
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Others
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Opis kategoriiGift vouchers in Botland store is a perfect option for everyone who is looking for a nice and practical gift.
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InterestingA category in which we have collected various items, professional accessories as well as miscellaneous gadgets.
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GadgetsKeychains, mugs, mouse pads and other elements with technical motifs
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New products
Raspberry Pi Pico - RP2040 ARM Cortex M0+ - with headers
Set of female connectors for Raspberry Pi Pico - 2x 1x20...
Set of male connectors for Raspberry Pi Pico - 2x 1x20...
Royal Resin Crystal epoxy resin dye - pearl liquid - 15...
Barwnik perłowy w płynie 10 ml - Royal Resin Crystal...
Royal Resin Crystal epoxy resin dye - pearl liquid - 15...
Limit switch 50mm - Pololu 1403
Promotion products
Case Raspberry Pi Model 3B + / 3B / 2B - transparent
Iwoole CR60 - Smart Light Bulb RGBW, WiFi, E27, 7W, 600lm
RedBot - MMA8452Q I2C digital accelerometer - SparkFun...
HB100 - Microwave Motion Sensor
Creality CR-10/CR-10S kit of spare parts
Creality CR-X kit of spare parts
Feather 32u4 Basic Proto - compatible with Arduino -...
Pi Desktop - starter kit for Raspberry Pi 3/2
Eura-tech Eura VDP-33A3 Luna - video intercom
FTP KAT-5E 305M CU LANBERG
Raspberry Pi Enclosure BLACK
Prototype KIT for Raspberry Pi - Iduino RA015
Darlington circuits
The Darlington system is a breakthrough invention discovered in the mid-twentieth century by Sidney Darlington, an American engineer working at Bell Laboratories (USA). The Darlington circuit, sometimes called 'Darlington transistors', was invented in 1953.
It is a phenomenon in the form of a system consisting of two interconnected transistors. However, this circuit is specific because the configuration of the components is a structure composed of two bipolar transistors connected in such a way that the current amplified by the first transistor is also amplified by the second transistor of the circuit. The emitter current of the first transistor becomes the base current of the second. Due to the fact that the collector currents add up in such a system, this type of transistor configuration provides the highest energy efficiency.
Integrated circuit ULN2003A 7xDarlington - SMD
7-channel Darlington driver in SO-16 case.Integrated circuit ULN2803A 8xDarlington - THT
8-channel Darlington driver in THT case DIP18.Integrated circuit ULN2003AN 7xDarlington - THT - 5 pcs.
7-channel Darlington driver in DIP16 case. The set contains 5 pieces of ULN2003AN circuit.The Darlington circuit provides much greater current amplification than any other transistor used separately. Currently, such elements are often used in current and power systems, where high system gain is very important. The use of the Darlington system is common today. Robotics and programmable electronics enthusiasts also benefit from this discovery. Check out the ICs below that use the Darlington Effect!
Darlington circuits are a perfect way to boost amplification
One of the most important parameters for a bipolar transistor is its current gain. This parameter is extremely important because the greater the gain, the greater the current. Therefore, the current can be controlled by a given system depending on the gain. Hence, the use of a Darlington circuit is often recommended as a way to increase the transistor gain even by several orders of magnitude. Thanks to the use of two bipolar transistors connected to each other, a much greater gain is obtained, and thus much greater possibilities of a given system.
There are Darlington integrated pairs or even integrated circuits equipped with many parallel pairs of this kind. Such systems are often used to control high power loads with the help of systems with low current efficiency. The amplification effect will be very useful for GPIO pins of microcontrollers or single-board computers.
Darlington transistor – advantages and drawbacks
Darlington configuration has a lot of advantages. The main one is the possibility of getting very high current amplification, which we have presented above. With a relatively small base current, high emitter currents can be switched anyway. But the Darlington pair has much more to offer.
First of all, the system can provide very high input impedance (while keeping this configuration simple to build). The Darlington circuit can be assembled from two separate, discrete transistors, structures contained in a single housing or in an integrated circuit.
Of course, each solution has some drawbacks. In that case the main problem is doubling the base-emitter voltage. As standard, there are two connectors in the circuit between the base and emitter of the Darlington transistor. In the case of silicon transistors, this voltage is 0.65 V for one junction, so 1.3 V for a Darlington circuit. Another noticeable drawback of using Darlington configuration in some electronic designs is the large increase in saturation voltage. This phenomenon can cause problems when TTL logic circuits are controlled. Another disadvantage of the Darlington is the reduction of the work bandwidth. It is lower than the operating band of each of the components.
Darlington pairs – scheme and variety of use
From an external perspective, one Darlington pair behaves like a single transistor. It has one base, collector and one emitter. Usually Darlington configuration guarantees high current amplification in the system. Generally speaking, the relationship between the gain of the Darlington system βD with the gains of the constituent elements β1 and β2 should be: βD = β1 x β2 + β1 + β2. Thanks to this functionality, a really high gain can be obtained with the use of common, readily available semiconductor structures.
Darlington transistors are used to amplify the current, so practically in all electronic devices, in power amplifiers, power supplies, as well as in devices such as heater drivers or other power-loading devices. Most often, the transistor system consists of two discrete bipolar transistors connected within one common housing. This solution is perfect wherever a low base current is important. A great example will be microcontroller systems (certainly known to robotics enthusiasts). Often Darlington integrated circuits to control components with a higher current consumption.