Linear actuators

Linear actuators - how does it work

Linear actuators are electromechanical devices whose construction is based on small electric motors whose rotational motion is converted into rectilinear motion. In electric servomotors, the function of the drive is performed by a linear electric motor, which in its principle of operation is very similar to the classic asynchronous induction motor, in which the rotor is set in motion by a magnetic field generated by the stator due to the flow of supply current in its windings. The linear motor, on the other hand, is an induction motor whose stator has been cut in half and laid out on a plane. The ferromagnetic placed in the winding moves backwards or forwards, depending on the direction of the magnetic field force lines. It is a solution popularly used in magnetic railways (Mag Lev), as well as precise electromechanical systems, such as automatic gates. One of the most important advantages of linear actuators is the high precision of positioning the mechanism, speed of operation and constant acceleration, which are not affected by the friction force and inertia of the elements. In addition, the linear actuator automatically brakes when the drive motor is de-energized. In this situation, the actuator will continue to support the load.

Linear actuators - typical applications

One of the most popular applications of linear actuators with electric drive is control of the central lock in cars, as well as door locks in intelligent buildings. In addition, linear actuators can also be used in solar farms. Then they perform the function of manoeuvring photovoltaic panels in such a way as to set them at the right angle of incidence of sunlight to achieve the optimal operating point. They are also used in agricultural machinery. Often, control of such a device is carried out by radio, through the installed special modules supporting wireless communication. They are also used with the use of manual or automatic control - for example in response to a signal from appropriate sensors notifying about the detection of a given change.