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Batteries
Electrical devices need energy and thus a power source to function properly. There are many possibilities of supplying it, among them batteries, which is the simplest way to power a device. This of course applies to mobile and portable devices, which we use not always where we have access to the socket and mains power. Batteries can be found both in the remote control for TV, as well as in children's toys and remote-controlled vehicles, as well as electronic devices and controls for larger and more complex systems. Batteries differ not only in appearance but also in parameters. Not every battery fits all electronic devices. Therefore, it has to be properly adjusted to the requirements of the device. We have a choice of, among others, commonly known fingers, lozenges, i.e. flat batteries used most often in watches, as well as batteries for special purposes, e.g. for smart watches and smartphones.
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Frequently Asked Questions / FAQ
Lithium-ion batteries are usually characterized by high energy density and very high discharge currents, which allows them to be used in devices with high demand for power supply, e.g. mobile robots . Lithium-polymer cells and packs are better suited for portable devices - they are produced in various sizes (often surprisingly small in thickness), have a lower level of self-discharge and are light in weight.
The battery stores energy in chemical form, thanks to which it can release the accumulated charge longer, but it does not allow recharging (as is the case with batteries ). Capacitors work by creating an electric field between the plates, which allows for very quick charging and discharging, but the amount of energy is incomparably lower than in the case of even a small battery.
The electrolyte contained in the batteries is quite a corrosive substance, so it can easily damage the plates and pressure springs that act as contacts in the battery baskets , and in some cases - by getting deep into the device's housing - it can lead to corrosion of other elements (e.g. tracks on the nearby printed circuit board). Contact with the skin, especially the eyes, may cause severe irritation and tissue damage, so batteries and the device "flooded" by them should always be handled very carefully.
Prolonged loading of the battery (or leaving it in an unused device for a long time) produces small amounts of gases, which are a product of the chemical reaction taking place inside such an energy source. Too much gas causes an increase in pressure, which in extreme cases may leak the battery. This phenomenon is also visible in the case of batteries , e.g. in mobile devices, and is caused by intense overload of the battery and operation at too high a temperature.
Small, conventional watches (hand and desk watches) usually use button batteries, e.g. alkaline or lithium. Larger devices (alarm clocks, wall clocks, etc.) are usually powered by R6 or LR6 "sticks".
The battery becomes unusable in three cases: when its voltage drops below a certain minimum value (e.g. 0.9..1.0 V for LR6 alkaline "sticks") when its housing is deformed (it is "swollen", mechanically damaged, etc.), or electrolyte leakage is visible (whitish coating near one of the poles).
In the case of popular 3-volt lithium batteries (e.g. CR2032), the threshold voltage (meaning complete discharge) is approximately 2.0 V - remember that this point may be reached after various operating times of the device, depending on the type of load .