Electronics, From practice to theory. Second Edition - Charles Platt

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Table of contents

Acknowledgements (XV)

What's new in the second edition? (XVII)

Introduction. How to have a nice time with this book (XIX)

Chapter 1 Grounds (1)

• Purchase list: Experiments 1 to 5 (1)
• Multimeter (1)
• Determining the measuring range (3)
• Quantities (3)
• Safety glasses (4)
• Batteries and connectors (4)
• Test tubes (5)
• Potentiometers (5)
• Fuses (6)
• Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (6)
• Resistors (7)

• Experiment 1: Taste the power! (7)
• Procedure (7)
• Preparing the meter for operation (8)
• Tongue resistance measurement (9)
• Further studies (11)
• Cleaning and recycling (12)

• Experiment 2: How not to use batteries (13)
• Heat generated by the flow of current (14)
• How to burn a fuse? (16)
• Cleaning and recycling (19)
• Experiment 3: Your first circuit (19)
• Preparation (19)
• Light generation by means of LEDs (21)
• Resistor check (22)
• Cleaning and recycling (23)
• Experiment 4: Change of resistance (23)
• Look inside your potentiometer (23)
• Potentiometer testing (24)
• LED dimming (25)
• Potential difference measurement (26)
• Flow check (27)
• Current measurement (28)
• Measurement (28)
• Application of Ohm's law (31)
• How big a resistor needs an LED (32)
• Cleaning and recycling (36)

• Experiment 5: Let's make our own battery (36)
• Preparations (37)
• Lemon test - Part I (37)
• To put it practically (41)
• Cleaning and recycling (43)

Chapter 2 Switching and more (45)

• Purchase list: Experiments 6 to 11 (45)
• Small screwdriver set (essential) (45)
• Small pliers with long jaws (essential) (45)
• Precision pliers (recommended) (46)
• Wire cutting pliers (essential) (46)
• Hips (recommended) (46)
• Insulation pliers (essential) (47)
• Prototype plates (essential) (48)
• Supply (49)
• Parts (52)
• Anything else? (55)
• Experiment 6: Very simple switching (55)
• Sparking (58)
• Checking the switch (59)
• Introduction to diagrams (60)
• Diagram-making conventions (64)
• Crossing of cables (64)
• Cable colours (65)
• Experiment 7: Playing with a relay (65)
• Relay (66)
• Procedure (66)
• How does it work? (67)
• Other relays (68)
• Opening the relay (69)
• Experiment 8: An oscillator built on a relay (71)
• Starting with the prototype plate (72)
• Creating connection cables (73)
• Power supply (73)
• Inside the plate (74)
• Explanation of the operation of a circuit with a relay (74)
• Adding buzzing function (75)
• Adding capacity (76)

• Experiment 9: Time and capacitors (81)
• Capacitor charging (81)
• RC system (82)
• Voltage, resistance and capacity (83)
• Experience verifying the theory (86)
• Capacitive coupling (86)
• Shift current (88)
• Alternating current (89)
• Experiment 10: Transistor switching (90)
• Finger test (91)
• How did the finger test work? (92)
• Adding a potentiometer (93)
• Voltage and current (95)
• Experiment 11: Light and sound (98)
• Fluctuations (98) Step by step (100)
• Coupling capacitor (102)
• How does the circuit start working? (102)
• Why is it so complicated? (102)
• Processed pulse (102)
• Increasing speed (103)
• Further modifications (104)

Chapter 3: We go deeper (107)

• Purchase list: Experiments 12 to 15 (107)
• Power supply (essential) (107)
• Low power flask soldering iron (recommended) (108)
• General purpose soldering iron (recommended) (109)
• Soldering tripod (essential) (109)
• Magnifying glass (essential) (110)
• Test leads with crimp terminals (required) (111)
• Fuel (essential) (111)
• Equipment useful for unsoldering (recommended) (112)
• Soldering iron holder (recommended) (112)
• Miniature hand saw (recommended) (113)
• Convector (recommended) (113)
• Calliper (recommended) (113)
• Supply (113)
• Parts (116)
• Experiment 12: Combining two wires into one (117)
• Your first soldered connection (118)
• Your second solder connection (122)
• Adding insulation (124)
• Power supply modification (125)
• Shortening the power cord (127)
• What's next? (130)
• Experiment 13: Diode heating (130)
• Where did the heat go? (132)
• Heat transfer principles (133)
• Experiment 14: Flashing light suitable for decoration (133)
• Verification of fluctuations (133)
• Bend the wires, add tin (135)
• Step by step (136)
• Completion of works (136)
• Experiment 15: Burglar alarm - Part I (140)
• List of expectations (141)
• Implementation of the wish list (142)
• Magnetic switches (142)
• Break for transistor circuit (143)
• Self-locking relay (145)
• Harmful voltage lock (146)
• Solving one problem creates another problem (147)
• Problem solving (148)
• Safety diode (149)
• Circuit assembly on a prototype plate (149)
• Adding a sound generator (150)
• Summary: This is worth remembering (151)

Chapter 4 Integrated circuits (153)

• Purchase list: experiments 16 to 24 (153)
• Tools (153)
• Components (154)
• Experiment 16: Pulse generation (158)
• Meet your chip (159)
• Monostable test (159)
• Pulse duration determination (162)
• Experiment 17: Setting the tone height (169)
• Astable test (170)
• Modifications to the Astable mode (174)
• Bonding of bones in chain (174)
• Siren sound generation (177)
• Experiment 18: Almost ready burglar alarm (178)
• Make the device fully operational in three steps (179)
• What about the siren? (185)
• What about the on/off mechanism? (186)
• Project completion (186)
• The most common mistakes made during installation in a perforated panel (187)
• Project housing (189)
• Soldering switches (191)
• Circuit board mounting (191)
• Final test (192)
• Alarm installation (192)
• Summary (193)

• Experiment 19: Reaction Time Meter (194)
• Quick Demonstration (195)
• Pulse generation (200)
• Time to draw up a plan (201)
• Control system (201)
• Progress on the project (202)
• Delay (203) Testing (204)
• How does it work? (204)
• Next digits (205)
• Calibration (205)
• Improvement (207)
• What's next? (207)
• Experiment 20: The foundations of digital logic (207)
• Regulator (208)
• Application (209)
• Your first logical gateway (209)
• What you don't need (216)
• Experiment 21: Functional connection (219)
• Attention to warranty (219)
• Three-part circuit diagram (220)
• How does it work? (221)
• More than one button? (222)
• Relay activation (222)
• Bone with logic (222)
• Time to connect the circuit! (223)
• Preparing the circuit for operation (223)
• Testing (224)
• Working with diodes (225)
• Questions (225)
• Connection to a computer (226)
• Improvement (227)

• Experiment 22: Race (229)
• Objective (230)
• From concept to layout (230)
• Mounting on a prototype plate (235)
• Improvement (237)
• Experiment 23: Switching and deflecting (237)
• Working principle (239)
• Gateway NOR (239) to compensate for reflections
• Gateway elimination with NAND (240)
• Snap-on and clocked gears (241)
• Experiment 24: Throwing of bones (242)
• Binary counter (242)
• Counter testing (243)
• Rising and falling slope of the pulse (245)
• Module (246)
• Creating module 6 (246)
• Solution other than a seven-segment display (247)
• Gate selection (248)
• Final circuit version (250)
• Good news (252)
• Chain-making counters (252)
• Improvement (253)
• Release problem (253)
• Alternative concept of slowing down circuit operation (254)

Chapter 5. What's next? (257)

• Tools, equipment, components and supplies (257)
• Adapting your workplace (257)
• Description of boxes (260)
• What's on the desk? (261)
• Sources of information on the network (262)
• Books (263)
• Experiment 25: Magnetism (265)
• Procedure (265)
• Experiment 26: Generating power on your own desk (268)
• Procedure (268)
• LED power supply (269)
• Optional project extension (271)
• Capacitor charging (273)
• Next experiment: Audio (273)
• Experiment 27: Destruction of a speaker (273)
• Procedure (274)
• Experiment 28: Coil play (277)
• Procedure (277)
• Fading field (278)
• Resistors, capacitors and inductors (279)
• Experiment 29: Frequency filtering (280)
• Speaker housing (281)
• Single-chip amplifier (281)
• Test 1-2-3 (282)
• Sound Adventure (284)
• Cutting the music (287)
• Experiment 30: Override (289)
• Circuit modification (290)

• Experiment 31: Radio without soldering and power (294)
• Step 1: Coil (294)
• Antenna and mass (296)
• Improvements (298)
• Experiment 32: Electronics and programming (301)
• Definitions (301)
• Microcontroller applications (301)
• Adequate tool selection for the task (302)
• One plate, multiple chips (302)
• Should you be afraid of fakes? (303)
• Installation (304)
• Installation on Linux (305)
• Installation in Windows (305)
• Windows - troubleshooting (306)
• Installation in Mac OS (307)
• When everything has failed (307)
• Test - Blink sketch (308)
• Verification and compilation (310)
• Load and start (311)
• Programming is about attention to detail (312)
• Durability (314)
• Ageing (314)
• Hybrid circuits (314)
• Discrete components - advantages (315)
• Discrete components - defects (315)
• Microcontrollers - advantages (315)
• Microcontrollers - defects (315)
• Summary (315)

• Experiment 33: Interaction with the environment (316)
• Using a thermistor (317)
• Conversion of scope (317)
• Calls (318)
• Where are the effects of the transmitter? (319)
• Hysteresis (320)
• Programme code analysis (322)
• Additional information on programming (322)
• Project extension (323)
• Experiment 34: Improved cube (324)
• Limitations to learning by discovery (324)
• Randomity (325)
• Pseudocode (326)
• Button input signals (327)
• System clock (328)
• Final version of the pseudocode (329)
• Working on the circuit board (329)
• Programme code (330)
• Short and long integer values (333)
• Setup function (333)
• Loop for (334)
• Function generating random numbers (334)
• Instructions if (335)
• Flashing speed (335)
• Creating a new function (335)
• Structure (336)
• Isn't it too complicated? (337)
• Expansion of the cube program (338)
• Other microcontrollers (338)
• Expedition to the unknown (339)
• Completion (340)

Chapter 6 Tools, equipment, components and resources (341)

• Sets (341)
• Component search and online shopping (341)
• The art of searching (342)
• Use the communicator (342)
• Google and components (342)
• Documentation (343)
• General rules for using the search engine (343)
• Exclusion (343)
• Alternatives (344)
• Too much writing? (344)
• Distributor catalogue (344)
• What to click first? (344)
• The search and reality (345)
• Auction services (346)
• Amazon (347)
• Switching off automatic topping up (347)
• Is it worth the effort to find the necessary components? (347)
• List of resources and components (347)
• Resources (348)
• Components (349)
• Other components (351)
• Shopping: Chapter 1. (353)
• Shopping: Chapter 2. (354)
• Shopping: Chapter 3. (355)
• Shopping: Chapter 4. (356)
• Shopping: Chapter 5. (358)

• Buying tools and equipment (360)
• Tools and equipment necessary to work on the project described in Chapter 1. (360)
• Tools and equipment necessary to work on the project described in Chapter 2 (361)
• Tools and equipment necessary for working on the project described in Chapter 3. (361)
• Distributors (362)

About the author (364)

Colophone (364)